WASHINGTON — Thirty-one per cent of the corn crop in the 18 major states was harvested as of Oct. 19 compared with 53% as the five-year average for the date, the U.S. Department of Agriculture said in its Oct. 20 Crop Progress report. In top- producing Illinois and Iowa, the corn harvest was 43% and 19% completed, respectively. The recent average progress for the date was 63% completed in Illinois and 53% in Iowa.

Corn rated mature as of Oct. 19 was 93% compared with a 94% five-year average, the U.S.D.A. said.

Crop conditions as of Oct. 19 remained unchanged from the previous week at 74% good to excellent, 19% fair and 7% very poor to poor. That compared with 60% good to excellent, 26% fair and 14% very poor to poor in the same week a year ago, the U.S.D.A. said.

The soybean crop in the 18 major states was 53% harvested as of Oct. 19 compared with 66% as the five-year average. In top-producing Illinois, 37% of the harvest was completed in the latest week compared with 66% as the average for the date.

The U.S.D.A. said 95% of the soybean crop was dropping leaves compared with 97% as the five-year average.

Soybean crop conditions as of Oct. 19 remained unchanged from the previous week at 73% good to excellent, 21% fair and 6% very poor to poor. That compared with 57% good to excellent, 29% fair and 14% very poor to poor in the same week a year ago.

The U.S.D.A. said 76% of the winter wheat crop in the 18 major states was planted as of Oct. 19 compared with 77% as the five-year average. In Kansas, the top-producing hard red winter wheat state, 78% of the winter wheat crop was planted compared with 84% as the five-year average. In Illinois, the leading soft red winter wheat state, 22% of the crop was planted as of Oct. 19 compared with 59% as the average.